Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography provides 3-D reconstructions of atmosphere wet refractivity, related to water vapor. A simulated analysis of the integration of Global Positioning System and future Galileo data is presented. Atmospheric refractivity is derived from radiosonde data acquired over the Lisbon area. The impact of Galileo data on the tomographic reconstruction is assessed.

The availability of accurate rainfall data with high spatial resolution, especially in vast watersheds with low density of ground-measurements, is critical for planning and management of water resources and can increase the quality of the hydrological modeling predictions. In this study, we used two classical methods: the optimal interpolation and the successive correction method (SCM), for merging ground-measurements and satellite rainfall estimates. Cressman and Barnes schemes have been used in the SCM in order to define the error covariance matrices.

We analytically compute, through the six-and-a-half post-Newtonian order, the second-order-in-eccentricity piece of the Detweiler-Barack-Sago gauge-invariant redshift function for a small mass in eccentric orbit around a Schwarzschild black hole. Using the first law of mechanics for eccentric orbits [A. Le Tiec, First law of mechanics for compact binaries on eccentric orbits, Phys. Rev. D 92, 084021 (2015).] we transcribe our result into a correspondingly accurate knowledge of the second radial potential of the effective-one-body formalism [A. Buonanno and T.

The field equations of the recent nonlocal generalization of Einstein's theory of gravitation are presented in a form that is reminiscent of general relativity. The implications of the nonlocal field equations are studied in the case of conformally flat spacetimes. Even in this simple case, the field equations are intractable. Therefore, to gain insight into the nature of these equations, we investigate the structure of nonlocal gravity (NLG) in 2D spacetimes.

Classical as well as quantum features of the late-time evolution of cosmological models with fluids obeying a Shan-Chen-like equation of state are studied. The latter is of the type p=weff(?)? and has been used in previous works to describe, e.g., a possible scenario for the growth of the dark-energy content of the present Universe. At the classical level, the fluid dynamics in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background implies the existence of two possible equilibrium solutions depending on the model parameters associated with (asymptotic) finite pressure and energy density.

We analyze the stability of the zero solution to Volterra equations on time scales with respect to two classes of bounded perturbations. We obtain sufficient conditions on the kernel which include some known results for continuous and for discrete equations. In order to check the applicability of these conditions, we apply the theory to a test example.

In this study non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was hierarchically applied to simulated and in vivo three-dimensional 3 T MRSI data of the prostate to extract patterns for tumour and benign tissue and to visualize their spatial distribution. Our studies show that the hierarchical scheme provides more reliable tissue patterns than those obtained by performing only one NMF level. We compared the performance of three different NMF implementations in terms of pattern detection accuracy and efficiency when embedded into the same kind of hierarchical scheme.

The study of energetic free-surface flows is challenging because of the large range of interface scales involved due to multiple fragmentations and reconnections of the air-water interface with the formation of drops and bubbles. Because of their complexity the investigation of such phenomena through numerical simulation largely increased during recent years. Actually, in the last decades different numerical models have been developed to study these flows, especially in the context of particle methods.

We discuss the steps needed to introduce the horizontal gradients in a MTR ORM